Assingnment Paper 103 - Literarture of Romantics

 This blog task is part of assingnment of paper 103-Literature of Romantics

• Personal Information :

        Name : Devangini Vyas

         Batch: M.A. sem-1 (2024-26)

         Enrollment number: 5108240040

         E-mail address: devangivyas167@gmail.com

         Roll number: 3

• Assignment Details:

Topic :P.B. Shelley and his works

Paper: 103 Literature of romantics

Submitted to : SMT S.B. Gardi Department of english, Bhavnagar

Date of Submission: 20,November 2024

• Table of content :
• introduction
• P.B.Shelley: Life and Works
• Early Life and Education
• Personal Life and Relationships
• Major works and themes
• Philosophical and Political Beliefs
• Legacy and Influence
• Conclusion

Introduction:

Percy Bysshe Shelley, born in 1792, is one of the most influential poets of the Romantic era, celebrated for his radical ideas, lyrical beauty, and profound philosophical insights. His life, marked by personal tragedy and political activism, deeply influenced his poetry and prose. Despite facing considerable opposition during his lifetime, Shelley's works have left an indelible mark on the literary world, inspiring generations of poets and thinkers with their exploration of themes such as nature, beauty, love, and social justice.

Percy Bysshe Shelley: Life and Works

Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822) stands as one of the most influential English Romantic poets, renowned for his radical ideas, lyrical poetry, and revolutionary spirit. His works not only reflect his personal struggles and political beliefs but also his profound engagement with philosophical and existential questions. Despite facing significant challenges during his lifetime, Shelley's poetry has continued to inspire and provoke thought long after his death.

Early Life and Education

Born on August 4, 1792, at Field Place, near Horsham, Sussex, Percy Bysshe Shelley was the eldest son of Sir Timothy Shelley and Elizabeth Pilfold. Shelley's early education took place at Syon House Academy and Eton College. Even in his youth, Shelley was known for his rebellious spirit and intellectual curiosity, often clashing with his peers and teachers due to his unorthodox views.

In 1810, Shelley entered University College, Oxford, where his radical ideas continued to develop. It was during this time that he published his first works, including the Gothic novel "Zastrozzi" (1810) and a provocative pamphlet titled "The Necessity of Atheism" (1811). The latter work led to his expulsion from Oxford, cementing his reputation as a radical thinker.

Personal Life and Relationships

Shelley's personal life was marked by controversy and tragedy. In 1811, he eloped with Harriet Westbrook, a 16-year-old schoolgirl, leading to estrangement from his family. However, Shelley's marriage to Harriet was fraught with difficulties, and he eventually left her for Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin, the daughter of prominent intellectuals William Godwin and Mary Wollstonecraft.

Shelley and Mary married in 1816, following Harriet's tragic death. The couple faced numerous hardships, including the deaths of their children and financial instability. Despite these challenges, Shelley and Mary maintained a close intellectual partnership, with Mary Shelley herself becoming a renowned author, most notably for her novel "Frankenstein" (1818).

Major Works and Themes

"Ozymandias" (1818)

One of Shelley's most famous poems, "Ozymandias", is a sonnet that reflects on the impermanence of human achievements and the inevitable decay of empires. The poem's vivid imagery and powerful message serve as a meditation on the transient nature of power and glory. Through the figure of the shattered statue of Ozymandias, the poem underscores the futility of human ambition in the face of time.

"Ode to the West Wind" (1819)

"Ode to the West Wind" is a lyrical masterpiece that explores themes of transformation, renewal, and the role of the poet. The poem is structured in five cantos, with the west wind serving as a symbol of change and inspiration. Shelley's invocation of the wind as a powerful force of nature reflects his desire for personal and political renewal, as well as his belief in the transformative power of poetry.

"To a Skylark" (1820)

In "To a Skylark", Shelley celebrates the beauty and freedom of the skylark, using it as a symbol of pure, unattainable beauty. The poem's lyrical quality and vivid imagery capture the transcendent nature of the bird's song, which represents an ideal of artistic creation. Through the skylark, Shelley expresses his longing for a poetic voice that can transcend earthly limitations.

"Prometheus Unbound" (1820)

"Prometheus Unbound" is a lyrical drama that reimagines the myth of Prometheus, symbolizing the struggle against tyranny and the quest for freedom. The play's themes of rebellion and redemption reflect Shelley's own revolutionary ideals. Prometheus, who defies the gods to bring knowledge and enlightenment to humanity, serves as a powerful metaphor for Shelley's belief in the potential for human progress and emancipation.

"Adonais" (1821)

"Adonais" is an elegy written in memory of John Keats, who died at a young age. The poem mourns the loss of a fellow poet while exploring themes of death, immortality, and artistic legacy. Through the pastoral imagery and classical references, Shelley reflects on the fleeting nature of life and the enduring impact of art. "Adonais" is considered one of Shelley's most moving and accomplished works, showcasing his lyrical prowess and philosophical depth.

"The Mask of Anarchy" (1819)

"The Mask of Anarchy" is a political ballad written in response to the Peterloo Massacre, in which peaceful protesters were violently suppressed by government forces. The poem advocates for nonviolent resistance and social reform, embodying Shelley's radical political beliefs. Through its vivid and satirical imagery, "The Mask of Anarchy" criticizes tyranny and calls for justice, reflecting Shelley's commitment to the ideals of liberty and equality.

Philosophical and Political Beliefs

Shelley's poetry is deeply intertwined with his philosophical and political beliefs. A committed atheist and advocate for social justice, Shelley was influenced by the ideas of Enlightenment thinkers such as William Godwin and Mary Wollstonecraft. His works often challenge religious orthodoxy, social inequality, and oppressive institutions, advocating for individual freedom and human rights.

In his essay "A Defence of Poetry" (1821), Shelley articulates his belief in the transformative power of poetry. He argues that poets are the "unacknowledged legislators of the world," capable of inspiring moral and social change through their imaginative and visionary insights. This essay remains one of the most important statements on the role of poetry in society, reflecting Shelley's idealism and commitment to the power of the written word.

Legacy and Influence

Although Shelley's works were often met with hostility and misunderstanding during his lifetime, his reputation grew steadily after his death. His innovative use of language, rich imagery, and exploration of profound themes have made his poetry a cornerstone of the Romantic movement. Shelley's influence can be seen in the works of later poets and writers, including Robert Browning, Algernon Charles Swinburne, Thomas Hardy, and W. B. Yeats.

Shelley's legacy is also evident in the broader cultural and political impact of his ideas. His advocacy for social justice, individual freedom, and the transformative power of art continues to resonate with contemporary audiences. Shelley's life and works serve as a testament to the enduring power of poetry to challenge, inspire, and provoke thought.

Conclusion

Percy Bysshe Shelley remains one of the most significant and influential figures in English literature. His poetry, characterized by its lyrical beauty, radical ideas, and philosophical depth, continues to captivate and inspire readers. Shelley's unwavering commitment to social justice and the transformative power of art underscores the enduring relevance of his works. As a poet, philosopher, and visionary, Shelley's contributions to literature and society remain a lasting legacy, reminding us of the profound impact that poetry can have on the world.

References:

Bloom Harold, "The visionary company: A Reading of english Romantic poetry". 

Percy shelley- Harold Bloom. Bloom's Classic critical views

Shelly,Percy Bysshe. " The complete Poetical Works Of Percy Bysshe Shelley." Oxford university press,1914.